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Type NM and Type NMC cables are now permitted to be used in detached garages of multifamily dwellings permitted to be of Types III, IV, and V construction.

#1) 334.10(2) Uses Permitted.

Where conduits are used with NM cables, a bushing is required at each end to protect the cable from abrasion.

#2) 334.15(B) Protection from Physical Damage.

Circled in yellow is a nonmetallic-sheathed cable with more than enough cable sheath extending in the enclosure. On the right are two nonmetallic-sheathed cables that have no cable sheath extending beyond the cable clamp, and the cable clamps are installed upside down.

#3) 334.19 NM Cable Entries.

The radius of the curve of the inner edge of the bend shall not be less than five times the cable diameter (based on the major diameter dimension for flat cables).

#4) 334.24 Bending Radius.

Standard clamps and dies that have not been modified could damage the PVC coatings and shall not be used on PVC-coated Rigid Metal Conduit.

#5) 344.28 Reaming and Threading.

Expansion fittings must be installed above grade when direct buried PVC conduit emerges from the ground and compensation is needed for earth settling or movement, including frost heave.

#6) 352.44 Expansion Fittings and Earth Movement.

In the 2023 NEC, Section 358.10(A)(1) was revised to specifically allow EMT in direct burial applications with fittings identified for direct burial.

#7) 358.10 Uses Permitted.

IBP is a cylindrical solid or hollow conductor with a solid insulation system, having a grounding layer and conductive grading layers imbedded in the insulation, and provided with an overall covering of insulating or metallic material.

#8) Article 369 Insulated Bus Pipe IBP/ Tubular Covere...

Flexible bus systems use a flat braided insulated conductor that provides greater flexibility than busduct without the bending radius limitations typical cables have.

#9) Article 371 Flexible Bus Systems.

Types SH, SHD, and SHD-GC portable power cables must be used from 2000 volts to 25,000 volts.

#10) Article 400 Part IV. Portable Power Feeder Cables ...

New Section 404.16 only permits knife switches, switches with butt contacts, and bolted pressure contact switches to be reconditioned.

#11) 404.16 Reconditioned Equipment.

Some disconnect switches can be opened with a tool while energized.

#12) 404.30 Switch Enclosures with Doors.

GFCI and GFPE are not the same. GFPE is for equipment protection and typically designed to trip in the 30 mA or higher range.

#13) 406.4(D)(8) Receptacle Replacements and Ground-Fau...

Physical protection of floor receptacles must allow the operation of floor-cleaning equipment without damage to receptacles.

#14) 406.4(G) Protection of Floor Receptacles.

Receptacle faceplates equipped with integral night lights and/or USB chargers that connect by spring-tensioned contacts must be rated 1 watt or less and connected to brass or copper alloy receptacle terminal screws.

#15) 406.6(D) Receptacle Faceplates with Integral Night...

Hinged covers of outlet box hoods (installed in wet or damp locations) must be able to open at least 90 degrees, or fully open if the cover is not designed to open 90 degrees from the closed to open position.

#16) 406.9(A) & (B) Receptacles in Damp or Wet Location...

The zone where receptacles are not permitted extends to the floor in the 2023 NEC.

#17) 406.9(C) Bathtub and Shower Space.

There are many different types of tamper-resistant receptacles currently available.

#18) 406.12 Tamper-Resistant Receptacles.

Reconditioned switchboards and switchgear, or sections of switchboards or switchgear, shall be permitted.

#19) 408.2 Reconditioned Equipment.

The identification shall be included in a circuit directory that is located on the face, inside of, or in an approved location adjacent to the panel door.

#20) 408.4(A) Circuit Directory or Circuit Description.

In the 2023 NEC, 408.4(B) requires marking on switchboards, switchgear, and panelboards (supplied by a feeder) to indicate where the power originates, as well as its physical location.

#21) 408.4(B) Source of Supply.

Panelboards can be listed with or without an enclosure.

#22) 408.9 Replacement Panelboards.

This enclosed panelboard has a short-circuit current rating of up to 100kA and can be installed at a point in the electrical system where the available fault current is higher than 10kA in compliance with NEC 110.9, 110.10, 408.6, and 408.38.

#23) 408.38 Enclosure.

Panelboards shall not be installed in the face-up or face-down position.

#24) 408.43 Panelboard Orientation.

In the 2023 NEC, ballasts, LED Drivers, and Lamps were added to the list of lighting equipment NOT permitted to be reconditioned.

#25) 410.2 Reconditioned Equipment.

Ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans with luminaire (light kit) are not permitted within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#26) 410.10(D) Bathtub and Shower Areas.

For indoor locations at other than dwellings and associated accessory structures, fluorescent or LED luminaires that use double-ended lamps and are equipped with ballasts or LED drivers that can be serviced in place must have a disconnecting means either internal or external to each luminaire.

#27) 410.71 Disconnecting Means for Fluorescent or LED ...

Flexible cord-connected horticultural lighting that is hard wired without a separable connector or attachment plug does not require GFCI protection. Flexible cord-connected horticultural lighting <strong>with a separable connector or an attachment plug</strong> must have GFCI protection. If over 150-volts to ground, SPGFCI is required.

#28) 410.184 GFCI Protection and SPGFCI Protection.

In the 2023 NEC, Part XVII was added to NEC Article 410 to provide minimal requirements for ultraviolet (UV) germicidal irradiation luminaires.

#29) Article 410 Part XVII Special Provisions for Ultra...

No metal parts of ceiling-suspended (paddle) fans in bathrooms and shower spaces shall be located within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of the bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#30) 422.18 Ceiling-Suspended (Paddle) Fans.

Heating cables and cable sets must be installed no higher than 4 feet above the floor and require both GFCI and AFCI protection.

#31) 424.48 Installation of Cables in Walls.

Motors are permitted to be reconditioned if the reconditioning is conducted in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions or, if no instructions are provided, use nationally recognized standards.

#32) 430.2 Reconditioned Motors.

An example of a Design B Premium Efficient industrial motor.

#33) 430.52 Rating or Setting for Individual Motor Circ...

HVAC equipment not permitted within a zone measured 3 feet horizontally and 8 feet vertically from the top of a bathtub rim or shower stall threshold.

#34) 440.8 Single Machine and Location.

If the disconnecting means is readily accessible to unqualified persons (like in this public parking garage), any enclosure door or hinged cover of the disconnecting means enclosure that exposes energized parts when open requires a tool to open or must be capable of being locked.

#35) 440.11 General.

An HVAC disconnecting means must meet the working space requirements of NEC Section 110.26(A). The working space required for these HVAC disconnect switches is compromised by the line sets and Liquidtight conduits between the disconnect and the units.

#36) 440.14 Location.

Several changes regarding generator disconnecting means and emergency shutdown.

#37) 445.18 & 19 Disconnecting Means and Emergency Shut...

Switchgear over 1000 volts, as in the image, is covered in Part III of new Article 495.

#38) Articles 490 & 495.

Areas designated as hazardous (classified) locations as well as those areas determined to be unclassified must be documented on an area classification drawing and other associated documentation.

#39) 500.4 Documentation.

New Table 13 in Chapter 9 (shown in part) provides one comprehensive table addressing all of the types of protection or protection techniques for hazardous (classified) locations.

#40) 500.7 Protection Techniques.

The area above hazardous locations in a commercial repair garage requires wiring methods in accordance with NEC Section 511.7(A)(1).

#41) 511.7 Fixed Wiring Above Class I Locations.

New Article 512 provides requirements for cannabis oil equipment and cannabis oil systems using flammable materials in the plant oil extraction process.

#42) Article 512 Cannabis Oil Equipment and Cannabis Oi...

The reconditioning requirements of the NEC does not apply to patient care-related electrical equipment.

#43) 517.6 Patient Care - Related Electrical Equipment.

The requirements in Part II of Article 517 are NOT applicable to a pharmacy that is not “contiguous” to a health care facility.

#44) 517.10(B) Areas Not Covered by Part II of Article ...

Wiring serving patient care spaces shall comply with the requirements of 517.13(A) and (B).

#45) 517.13 Equipment Grounding Conductor for Receptacl...

In the 2023 NEC, the new exception in 517.14 allows the use of an accessible, securely mounted aluminum or copper busbar for the required panelboard bonding.

#46) 517.14 Panelboard Bonding.

Tables 220.110(1) and 220.120(2) provide demand factors for receptacles supplied by general purpose branch circuits in specific patient care spaces.

#47) 517.22 Demand Factors.

Class 2 circuits that transmit power, data, or both to a powered device are permitted in places of assembly.

#48) 518.4(B) Communications, Signaling Systems, Data S...

Even exposed nonmetallic cable installations are easy targets for hungry rodents in non-agricultural buildings adjacent to other buildings used to confine livestock and under the purview of Article 547.

#49) 547.26 Physical Protection.

Mobile home service equipment shall not be mounted in or on the mobile home. The service equipment shall be mounted in a readily accessible outdoor location, and within sight from the mobile home it serves.

#50) 550.32 Service Equipment.

The service equipment supplying a floating building, dock, or marina must be located on land no closer than 5 feet horizontally from, and adjacent to the structure served.

#51) 555.4 Location of Service Equipment.

The equipotential plane must encompass the area around the equipment and must extend from the area directly below the equipment out at least 36 inches in all directions from where a person can stand and make contact with the equipment.

#52) 555.14 Equipotential Planes and Bonding of Equipot...

Existing equipment that has been damaged must be identified, documented, and repaired by a qualified person.

#53) 555.15 Replacement of Equipment.

For branch circuits, listed GFPE, rated not more than 30 milliamperes, shall be provided for shore power receptacles installed in accordance with 555.33(A).

#54) 555.35 Ground-Fault Protection of Equipment (GFPE)...

The emergency shutoff device or electrical disconnect shall be within sight of the marina power outlet or other enclosure that provides shore power to boats, readily accessible, externally operable, manually resettable, and listed for use in wet locations.

#55) 555.36 Disconnecting Means for Shore Power Connect...

An individual branch circuit is only required for EVSE outlets greater than 16 amperes or 120 volts.

#56) 625.40 Electric Vehicle Branch Circuit.

Section 625.42(A) covers installations where an EMS in accordance with 750.30 provides load management of EVSE.

#57) 625.42 Rating.

EVPE and bidirectional EVSE incorporating a power export function shall be permitted to be a part of an interconnected power system operating in island mode.

#58) 625.49 Power for Systems Operating in Island Mode.

In an area where welding takes place, it is common to see electrical cords of portable tools laying on the ground and being stepped on or being damaged from hot slag falling from a fresh weld and burning a hole into a nearby electrical cord.

#59) 630.8 Ground-Fault Circuit-Interrupter Protection ...

Receptacles and outlets on single- or 3-phase branch circuits operating at voltages above 150 volts to ground, but not exceeding 480 volts phase-to-phase shall be provided with SPGFCI protection not to exceed 20-mA ground-fault trip current.

#60) 680.5 GFCI and SPGFCI Protection.

Relocating the equipment room receptacle requirements to Part I of Article 680 results in code language addressing receptacles in all pool, spa, hot tub, fountain, or similar equipment rooms which are common in casinos, hotels, malls, and other installations.

#61) 680.12 Equipment Rooms, Vaults, and Pits.

NEC Table 110.28 provides information on the suitability of different enclosure types.

#62) 680.14 Corrosive Environments.

If a pool pump motor in 680.21(C) is replaced or repaired, the replacement or repaired pump motor must be provided with ground-fault protection complying with 680.5(B) or (C), as applicable.

#63) 680.21(D) Pool Pump Motor Replacement.

For equipotential bonding, the shell of the splash pad includes the area traversed by pedestrians, bounded by the extent of the splash pad footing and rising to its exposed surfaces and its collection basin area.

#64) 680.54(C) Equipotential Bonding of Splash Pads.

A PV DC Circuit (as used in Article 690) includes any dc conductor in PV source circuits, PV string circuits, and PV dc-to-dc converter circuits.

#65) Figure 690.1.

PV Source Circuits include the PV dc circuit conductors between PV modules in a PV string circuit, and from PV string circuits or dc combiners, to dc combiners, electronic power converters, or a dc PV system disconnecting means.

#66) 690.2 Deletion of PV Output Circuit.

This inverter was mounted on the roof in compliance with a previous code cycle since language did not yet exist permitting it to be on a mezzanine inside the building that required a portable ladder to access it.

#67) 690.4(F) Electronic Power Converters Mounted in No...

2023 NEC Section 690.4(G) permits PV equipment where floating on bodies of water.

#68) 690.4(G) PV Equipment Floating on Bodies of Water.

When wiring PV modules in series the open circuit voltage (VOC) from the PV module nameplate is additive.

#69) 690.7 Maximum Voltage.

Bifacial PV modules can produce power from both sides of the PV module which is beneficial for PV module installations where adjacent building surfaces are highly reflective.

#70) 690.8(A) Calculation of Maximum Circuit Current.

Section 690.8(D) covers the sizing PV system DC circuit conductors when multiple PV string circuits are connected in parallel and protected by a single overcurrent device.

#71) 690.8(D) Multiple PV String Circuits.

Rapid Shutdown is not required for PV equipment and circuits installed on non-enclosed detached structures including but not limited to parking shade structures, carports, solar trellises, and similar structures.

#72) 690.12 Rapid Shutdown of PV Systems on Buildings.

Rapid shutdown not required for the house since the ground mounted PV array DC conductors terminate on the exterior of the house and do not enter it.

#73) 690.12(A) Controlled Conductors and Rapid Shutdown...

Common methods to comply with NEC 690.12(B) include the use of PV equipment with a limited max voltage of 80V as determined by 690.7, PVRSE, PVHCE, or any combination of these.

#74) 690.12(B) Controlled Limits.

Correct labeling for PV systems equipped with rapid shutdown is critical for first responders as they arrive and prepare to make their way to the rooftop.

#75) 690.12(D) Buildings with Rapid Shutdown.

The ac disconnect switch for this PV inverter (on the other side of the wall) is certainly readily accessible, and within 50 feet from the inverter, but it is not visible while an electrician is standing on this side of the fence servicing the inverter.

#76) 690.15(D) Equipment Disconnecting Means.

Can you spot any violations?

#77) 690.31(B) Identification and Grouping.

Be sure the rules used apply to the correct cable tray type.

#78) 690.31(C)(2) Cable Tray.

2023 NEC 690.31(G) covers PV Equipment and wiring methods over 1000 Volts DC.

#79) 690.31(G) Over 1000 Volts DC.

When PV system circuit conductors leave the vicinity of the PV array, equipment grounding conductors shall comply with 250.134.

#80) 690.43(C) Equipment Grounding Conductor Location.

Fittings shall be listed for use in wet locations.

#81) 695.6(D) Fire Pump Wiring.

In the 2023 NEC, new Section 700.11 provides a good start for introducing new language pertaining to Class-2-powered emergency lighting systems.

#82) 700.11 Wiring, Class-2-Powered Emergency Lighting ...

Unit equipment is a type of “Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaire”, but a “Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaire” is NOT a type of “Unit Equipment”.

#83) 700.12(H) Battery-Equipped Emergency Luminaires.

Devices that combine control signals with Class 2 emergency power on a single circuit shall be listed as emergency lighting control devices.

#84) 700.27 Class 2 Powered Emergency Lighting Systems.

Even though the language in 700.32(B) and (C) is triggered by replacing an OCPD in the “emergency system” or a modification, addition, or deletion “to the emergency system”, selective coordination should be reevaluated any time a replacement or modification occurs related to any OCPD that could impact the emergency system to comply with the new language in Section 240.11.

#85) 700.32 Selective Coordination.

The labeling required in 705.10 is now required to indicate the emergency telephone numbers of any off-site entities servicing the power source systems.

#86) 705.10 Identification of Power Sources.

Conductors connected between the line side of the service disconnect and the line side of an interconnected power production source disconnecting means are in fact “service conductors”.

#87) 705.11(A) Service Connections.

Per UL Product category code ZMVV, wire splicing and tap connectors investigated for use on the line side of service equipment are marked on the connector, the smallest unit container or on an information sheet placed in the smallest unit container with one of the following: “SR” or “Suitable for use on the line side of the service equipment,” or equivalent.

#88) 705.11(B), (C), and (F) Conductors and Connections...

All metal enclosures, metal wiring methods, and metal parts associated with the service connected to a power production source to be bonded in accordance with Parts II through V and VIII of Article 250.

#89) 705.11(D) and (E) Service Disconnecting Means, Bon...

Section 705.12(A)(2)(b) option 2 prohibits an overcurrent device at the load side of the power source connection point from being rated greater than the ampacity of the feeder.

#90) 705.12(A) Feeders.

For taps sized in accordance with 240.21(B)(2) or (B)(4), the ampacity of tap conductors shall not be less than one-third of the sum of the rating of the overcurrent device protecting the feeder plus the ratings of any power source overcurrent devices connected to the feeder.

#91) 705.12(A) Feeder Taps.

For 1 and 2-family dwellings, the ESS requires an emergency shutdown function with an initiation device located readily accessible outside the building.

#92) 706.15 Disconnecting Means.

CI cable, a fire-resistive cable system, or a <strong>listed electrical circuit protective system</strong> shall be permitted for use in systems that supply critical circuits to ensure survivability for continued circuit operation for a specified time under fire conditions.

#93) Article 722 Cables for Power-Limited Circuits and ...

New Article 724 covers Class 1 circuits, including power-limited Class 1 remote-control and signaling circuits, that are not an integral part of a device or utilization equipment.

#94) Article 724 Class 1 Power-Limited Circuits and Cla...

Article 725 covers power-limited circuits, including power-limited remote-control and signaling circuits, that are not an integral part of a device or of utilization equipment.

#95) 725.1 Scope.

#96) 725.24 Mechanical Execution of Work.

Fault-managed power systems are also referred to as packet energy transfer (PET), Digital Electricity (DE), Pulsed Power, and Smart Transfer Systems.

#97) Article 726 Class 4 Fault-Managed Power Systems.

#98) 760.33 Supply-Side Overvoltage Protection.

#99) 800.24 Mechanical Execution of Work.

The revised language in 2023 is about the conduit length and the connectors are not counted.

#100) Chapter 9 Notes and Tables.

(Be sure to write down anything you want to remember, starting over erases all answers)

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